How To ~ understand Terminology

Acetate: A transparent sheet made of clear plastic. Used for overlays.
Artwork: A general term used for drawings, paintings, hand lettering, and the linework prepared to add accents, highlights, and attention to copy.
Author's Alterations (A.A.'s).: Changes from original copy, or original special instructions, (also known as authors's corrections).
~Top~A~ B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Base Color: A first color used as a background on which other colors are applied.
Bleed: Any part of the layout area that extends beyond the trim edge of the page. Usually a photograph (never a headline of copy).
Blind Embossing: A design which is stamped without foil or ink, giving a raised or lower design stamped in the paper or cover board. The embossed area has a 3 dimensional feel to it.
Blocking Out / Knocking Out: An operation of eliminating undesirable backgrounds and portions of negatives by opaquing the image, or closing it off with a solid mask.
Blowup: An enlargement from the original size.
~Top~A~ B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Camera Ready Copy: Customer furnished material ready for photography and reproduction.
Candids: A term used to distinguish informal, unposed shots from portrait-type photographs, such as those used in class sections.
Caption (also known as Cutline): The description (copy) accompanying an illustration or photograph, for explanation or identification.
Close Cut Halftone: A photograph where one person is cut away from the main part of the photograph, in an irregular shape.
Close Register: Required when photos and artwork, screens, or rulelines are butting each other; also known as Tight Register.
CMYK: This translates into Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and blacK, the four colors required to print process color. When making submissions for publishing ensure that all process color is converted to CMYK and not to RGB (Red, Green, Blue).
Colophon: An inscription page sometimes found at the end of a book, listing details pertaining to production of the book, or the printer's imprint.
Color Process Work: A reproduction of colour made by means of photographic separations. The printing is done using cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks, each requiring its own negative. This is the means of full colour reproduction in printing; also called Process Colour or Four Color. Any colour photograph, needs a colour separation made to produce the required four negatives of the process colours,
Credit Line: A statement giving the name of a photographer, author, etc., responsible tor the picture, quotation, etc., being used.
Crop: To opaque, mask, cut or trim an illustration, or its reproduction, to the required size, to fit a specified area.
Crop Marks: Marks along the margins of an illustration, used to indicate the portion of the illustration to be reproduced. Crop marks should be small corner marks on the back side of photos.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Die: A design, letters or pattern cut in metal for foil stamping book covers, or a design cut in brass for embossing book covers.
Double Page Spread: Any two facing pages with the odd page on the right and the even page on the left.
Duotone: A term for a two-color halftone reproduction from a one-colour original, requiring two halftone negatives for opposite ends of the gray scale, at proper screen angles. One plate usually is printed in dark ink, the other in a lighter one,
Dust Jackets: The printed or unprinted wrapper usually paper placed around a case bound book.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Endsheets: Four pages each at the beginning and end of a casebound book, one leaf of each being solidly pasted against the inside board of the case. Stock is stronger and heavier than text stock; may be white or coloured stock, printed or unprinted. Other common terms frequently used are Endpapers, Endleaves or Lining Paper.
Enlargement: A reproduction larger in size than the original; also called Blow Up.
EPS: Encapsulated PostScript. If graphics do not export or import well in the TIFF format EPS is the second option.
Export: All graphics should be exported from their original graphics program. This option can usually be found under the File menu.
~Top~A~B~C~D~ E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Fade Out Halftone (also known as TONE DOWN): A general reduction in the overall contrast of a halftone, to allow type to be easily readable when printed over it. The result is the photograph looks very faded.
Fake Duotone: A two color reproduction, using a single halftone negative, usually black, and a screen tint behind the photograph, usually in a spot colour
Flat / Multiple: Eight pages which are printed simultaneously on one side of a large sheet of paper Also known as one side of a printing signature.)
Flush: Even with; refers to typeset copy that is to be even with the margin or photo box.
Flush Left: Refers to copy that is straight on the left edge of the printing, or text area.
Flush Right: Refers to copy that is straight on the right edge of the printing, or text area.
Foil: Tissue-thin material, faced with metal or pigment, used in book stamping with a Stamping Die. Foil often has a highgloss, metallic shine to it.
Fold-Out: A page that exceeds the dimensions of a single page. It is folded to page size and included in the book, sometimes bound in and sometimes tipped in (pasted).
Folio: An identification that is printed beside a page number such as "Sports".
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Gatefold: A four page insert, having foldouts on either side of the centre spread.
Gutter: Short for Gutter Margin - the margin in the middle of a double-page spread
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Halftone: The reproduction of a continuous tone original, such as a photograph in which detail and tone values are represented by a series of evenly spaced dots of varying size and shape. The dot areas vary in direct proportion to the intensity of the tones they represent. A halftone screen is placed in front of the negative, during reproduction.
Halftone Drop-Out: A halftone negative exposed to eliminate the extreme highlight dots or, so that the white background of the artwork will not produce a printing dot on the negative. This technique can also be used to eliminate printing of shadow dots.
Hard Copy: A word processing, data processing or typesetting term encompassing any output from a machine, or as a result of machine processing, which is readable copy on paper or film. Examples are computer printouts and phototypesetting output on film or light sensitive paper.
High Resolution: This resolution is required for images that are to be printed. Resolution is calculated by "dots per inch": Black and White images require 250 dpi and colour requires 300 dpi.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~ H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Import: Once graphics have been exported from their original graphics program they can be imported into PageMaker using the Place command,
Irregular Shaped Photos: Photos that are not square or rectangular. If not submitted correctly irregular photos will generate additional charges
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Justify: To set type or prepare text composition to a specified width or measure so that the left and/or right-hand margins of the printed matter will be aligned. Justification may be accomplished by adjusting the spacing between words, or between words and characters (letter spacing) so as to fill the measure with each full Iine of type.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Knockout: Same as blocking out. An operation of eliminating undesirable backgrounds and portions of negatives by opaquing the image, or closing it off with a solid mask.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Laminate: Bonding plastic film by adhesives or heat and pressure to a sheet of paper to protect the paper and improve its appearance.
Layout: The arrangement of pictures, copy and artwork on a spread.
Line Copy: Any copy suitable for reproduction without using a halftone screen; copy composed of continuous tones Lines or dots may be small and close together, such as computer generated screens, so as to simulate tones, but are still regarded as line copy if they can be faithfully reproduced without a halftone screen
Loose Register: Colour that fits "loosely"; positioning (register) is not critical.
Low Resolution: This resolution requires less memory than high resolution and is alright for screen dis- play Resolubon is calculated in "dots per inch". Standard low resolution scan is 72 dpi
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Matte Finish: Dull paper finish without gloss or lustre
Metallic Inks: Inks, exhibiting some of the characteristics, especially in appearance, of the metal from which they are derived.
Modified Type: Any caption or name that will not show up well if it is reversed or overprinted on a photograph or artwork has to be modified to make it readable. The type will be black with an outline of each letter in white.
Montage: A combination of related pictures, parts of pictures and/or pieces of copy appearing as one, to tell a complete story
Multiple: Same as flat
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Overlay: A sheet of paper (or acetate) on which you prepare that portion of the artwork which prints in a different colour from the base artwork. The overlay must be in perfect registration with the base artwork, Also used when rulelines or screens have to be close registered to photographs.
Overprinting: Double printing; printing on an area that already has been printed; usually refers to printing black type over a halftone of coloured background.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Pica: A printer's unit of measurement for length of lines and depth of type pages One pica equals approximately 1/6 inch,
Point: A printer's unit of measurement, used principally for designing type sizes. There are 12 points to a pica; approximately 72 points to an inch.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Register Marks: Small crosses, guides or patterns placed on originals before reproduction; used for positioning the negatives for stripping or for colour register
Reverse: Type appearing in white on a black or colour background, or in a dark area of a photograph.
Reverse Overlay: Copy, pasted on an overlay which is to be reversed.
Rules: Vertical or horizontal lines on a page; maybe done by typesetting, drawn by hand, or by pasting up tape.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Saddlestitch: A binding method which inserts sections into sections, then fastens them with wires (stitches) through the middle fold of the sheets The limiting factor in this type of binding is bulk (thickness). Also called: Saddlewire.
Shot: A term for an exposure made on the camera.
Signature: A large folded, printed sheet, forming one section of a book, which contains eight yearbook pages on each side of the sheet for a total of 16 pages.
Spec (Specification) Sheet: A form which is the primary source document for estimate and order specifications. Pricing is based on these written specifications and orders are entered based. on the data on this form.
Special Effect Screens: Screens which are characterized by a geometrical or uneven structure that forms the image and modifies its appearance, as opposed to halftone screens which utilize very fine rulings so that dots are not perceptible.
Spot Color: Any ink color other than black
Spine: The back of a bound book connecting the two covers.
Stamping: Pressing a design onto a book cover using metal foil, coloured foil or ink, applied with metal dies
Stripping: The act of positioning or inserting copy elements or photographic negatives or positives into a large sheet of paper called a form, so that plates can be burned,
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
TIFF: Tagged Image File Format. When exporting graphics for use in PageMaker or QuarkXpress choose this format first, if it does not work well the EPS format will do.
Tint Block: A panel of color or screened block on which type or an illustration may be printed.
Tints: Various tones (strengths) of colour. Sometimes tints are handled on the original copy by pasting down a piece of a stock shading sheet with dots in the sheet which is then shot as line copy. Photographic (half-tone) tints are stock developed film (negative and positive) in various strengths of tone (30%, 60%, etc~) used to generate tone values photographically. See also: Tone or Screen Tone,
Tone: (1) The Shade, hue or degree of a colour, (2) Short for Screentone.
Trim Marks: Marks placed on original copy to indicate the edge of the page, as a trimming guide, frequently called corner marks,
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Unjustified: A typesetting term indicating copy which is set as on a normal typewriter with full lines not being set so all are the same length, (i.e. a ragged, uneven right hand edge).
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Varnish: A thin, protective coating applied to a printed sheet for protection or appearance.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~
Whiteline: The same as a rule line, except that it is reversed out of a black or coloured background so that it appears white; a white line separating photos in a panel of pictures.
~Top~A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~I~J~K~L~M~N~O~P~Q~R~S~T~U~V~W~X~Y~Z~